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| UNITED NATIONS |
EP |
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United Nations Environment Programme
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Distr. GENERAL UNEP/POPS/INC.2/INF/3 ENGLISH ONLY |
INTERGOVERNMENTAL NEGOTIATING COMMITTEE FOR AN
INTERNATIONAL LEGALLY BINDING INSTRUMENT FOR
IMPLEMENTING INTERNATIONAL ACTION ON
CERTAIN PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS
Second session
Nairobi, 25-29 January 1999
1. At its first session, the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee asked the Secretariat to prepare a preliminary review of information on possible
costs associated with potential areas of technical and financial assistance
that could be associated with an international legally binding instrument for implementing international action on persistent organic pollutants (POPs) (UNEP/POPS/INC.1/7, para. 62(b)).
2. In response to this request, the Secretariat has prepared the attached preliminary review of the content and costs of possible capacity-building activities under an international legally binding instrument for implementing international action on certain POPs. This document does not provide an exhaustive list of such activities, nor are the cost estimates included meant to be more that initial attempts at quantifying these costs. This document
is preliminary in that its content will be modified over the course of the negotiations as new information becomes available. The final form and
content of the POPs instrument will ultimately dictate exactly what
activities will be needed.
3. A summary of this document has been issued separately (UNEP/POPS/INC.2/3).
UNEP Chemicals
November 1998
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Introduction ..............................................................................................................
2. Organisation of this report .......................................................................................
3. Capacity building activity data ...............................................................................
A. Activity area #1: development of a POPs inventory ....................................
B. Activity area #2: development of an action plan for complying a global POPs convention......................
C. Activity area #3: establishment of a POPs focal unit ...................................
D. Activity area #4: development and implementation of regulatory controls......................
E. Activity area #5: enforcement of regulatory controls ..................................
F. Activity area #6: technology transfer activities ...........................................
G. Activity area #7: enhancement of local commerce infrastructure ...............
H. Activity area #8: development of an information/outreach programme..............................
4. Capacity Building Activity Costs .............................................................................
Possible Capacity Building Activities and Their Associated Costs Under the International Legally Binding Instrument for Implementing International Action on Certain Persistent Organic Pollutants -- A Preliminary Review
1. Introduction
At the first session of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC) for an International Legally Binding Instrument for Implementing International Action on Certain Persistent Organic Pollutants, delegates requested the Secretariat to prepare a paper describing of the costs associated with various capacity building activities which might be undertaken in developing countries and countries with economies in transition (CEITs).
At the same time, it was recognised that a substantial amount of work might be needed in the area of capacity building in developing countries and CEITs in order to inform stakeholders about the issue of POPs and the Legally Binding Instrument. Once the Legally Binding Instrument is in place, governments and others will need to set policies and undertaken a variety of activities aimed at meeting their country
=s obligations with regard to POPs. Building local capacity would enable them to be most effective and efficient in carrying out their duties.The purpose of this report is to provide information about the types of capacity building activities that might be necessary, and the resources (financial and otherwise) which would be required to carry out these activities. The capacity building activities presented in this report represent a subset of the activities that may ultimately be needed. In addition, it is possible that some of the activities included in the report will, in fact, not be needed. The final form and content of the Legally Binding Instrument will ultimately dictate exactly what type of activities are needed in general, and the individual situation in each country will dictate the capacity building needs of that particular country.
2. Organisation of this Report
Following the introduction and organisation sections, this report is divided into two, one describing possible activities and the other estimating the cost of implementing them.
In Section 3, capacity building activities associated with meeting potential obligations under a future POPs convention are discussed. These activities are categorised as follows:
- development of a POPs inventory;
- development of an action plan for implementation of a POPs convention;
- establishment of a POPs focal unit;
- development and implementation of regulatory controls;
- enforcement of regulatory controls;
- technology transfer activities;
- enhancement of local commerce infrastructure for distribution of alternative technologies; and
- development of an outreach/information dissemination programme.
It is important to note that, although not all activities can be considered purely capacity building activities, they have been included in order to present a comprehensive picture of possible costs that might be incurred by developing countries and CEITs in complying with their commitments under a POPs Convention.
For each of the above categories, one-page cost tables are included in Section 4.
3. Capacity Building Activity Data
For each of the eight general areas of activity discussed below, information is divided into four sections:
- Overview: This sub-section summarises the purpose of the general activity, its potential relevance to countries under the POPs Convention, and the remainder of the information contained in the activity area.
- Potential Funding Source: This sub-section provides a list of possible funding sources for undertaking the detailed component activities.
- Key Assumptions Used in Analysis: This sub-section specifies some of the key assumptions that were used throughout the analysis of the general activity area.
- Specific activities: This sub-section consists of a listing of specific activities along with the purpose/goals, potential participants, associated costs, and project implementation summaries and timetables for each.
In considering the above information, a number of factors should be kept in mind. First, the activities listed are those which are believed to be useful. Some of these activities may prove to be unnecessary. Additional activities are likely to be needed. This is because the capacity building needs in any particular country would ultimately be determined based on two primary considerations: the requirements of the country under the POPs Convention; and the current situation in the country.
Second, the associated costs are estimated assuming that external consultants will be hired to assist in implementing particular activities, although it is understood that government personnel will participate in the activities. Where appropriate, two cost estimates are provided: one based on the use of international consultant; and the other based on the use of a local consultant.
Third, associated costs are estimated based on a number of assumptions. These assumptions involve factors such as: number of participants in workshops; number of international speakers attending in-country workshops; duration of conferences, workshops, and meetings; and documents to be produced as part of activities.. The assumptions used differ by activity.
Finally, the methods presented for completing each of the various activities below are just one of many methods that may be available to achieve a successful conclusion. Those presented have been selected based on their past success in accomplishing similar objectives under other environmental treaties. However, they may by no means be the only plausible options.
Table 1. Summary of Activity Areas and Capacity Building Activities
Activity Areas |
Specific Activities |
| 1. Development of a POPs inventory | 1/1
formulate an internationally accepted methodology for completing an inventory 1/2 national preparation on POPs for key in-country personnel 1/3 training workshop on the procedures for completing and evaluating a POPs inventory 1/4 workplan development 1/5 international technical assistance for the development of a national inventory 1/6 development of a draft national inventory 1/7 internal and external review of the national inventory and preparation of the final report |
| 2. Development of an action plan for complying with a global POPs Convention | 2/1
production of guidance document on the development of a national action plan 2/2 production of guidance documents on risk assessment, policy and technology options, evaluation of options, and alternatives for each POP 2/3 conference on risk assessment, policy and technology options, evaluation of options, and alternatives 2/4 development of a hazard assessment and risk characterisation for the country 2/5 training within the country on the development of a national action plan 2/6 development of a national action plan |
| 3. Establishment of a POPs focal unit | 3/1
development of guidelines for establishment a POPs focal unit 3/2 establishment and operation of local POPs focal unit |
| 4. Development and implementation of regulatory controls | 4/1
workshop to evaluate regulatory control options 4/2 establishment of regulatory controls in a country |
| 5 Enforcement of regulatory controls | 5/1
development of a guidance document on enforcement options and costs 5/2 training workshop for appropriate government agencies and personnel on enforcement of regulatory controls 5/3 developing and implementing enforcement activities within the country |
| 6. Technology transfer activities | 6/1
design and implementation of demonstration projects 6/2 study tours on different technologies/alternatives 6/3 workshop for local stakeholders on available technologies with representatives of international companies supplying alternative technologies 6/4 training on the application of new technologies/alternatives in a country |
| 7. Enhancement of local commerce infrastructure | 7/1
critical evaluation of the current infrastructure within the country to support the
introduction of new technologies/alternatives 7/2 development of a guidance document on enhancing the local commerce infrastructure for new technologies 7/3 facilitation of meetings between government officials, international manufacturers of alternative technologies, and local business to enhance the local commerce infrastructure for alternative technologies |
| 8. Development of an outreach/information dissemination programme | 8/1
development of outreach materials for worldwide use to increase awareness of the POPs
issue 8/2 creation of regional resource centres for the distribution of outreach materials to interested parties 8/3 development of materials and implementation of local public outreach campaigns 8/4 development of materials and implementation of local industry outreach campaigns |
A. ACTIVITY AREA#1: DEVELOPMENT OF A POPs INVENTORY
Overview:
Development of a national POPs inventory would allow policymakers within a government to make informed decisions concerning policy options for complying with the POPs Convention. In order to properly determine a course of action, it is often useful to first develop a thorough knowledge of the baseline from which efforts would be initiated. The national inventory would represent such a baseline. It would describe the present situation in the country with regards to production, imports, exports, stocks, and use of each of the POPs. Policymakers could then use this information to determine the appropriate course of action within the country concerning POPs.
A total of seven activities are recommended to allow for the successful development of a national inventory in any particular country. These are presented in the table below. It should be noted that one of the activities (Formulation of an internationally accepted methodology for completing an inventory
@) is general in nature and need only be undertaken one time, and not for each individual country. All other activities are recommended for each country.Potential Funding Sources:
Potential sources of funding for the completion of the activities described in this activity area include:
C
POPs convention financial mechanismC
Multilateral Development BanksC
Bilateral contributions from developed country governmentsKey Assumptions Used in Analysis:
A number of key assumptions were made in determining the tasks to be performed and the costs associated with implementation of each activity in the table below. These assumptions include:
C
The cost analysis assumes a medium-size country. A medium-size country for this activity refers to the geographic area of the country.C
It is assumed that the costs for undertaking this activity for a small-size country may be 25% less than those described in the table.C
It is assumed that the costs for undertaking this activity for a large-size country may be 60% more than those described in the table.C
It is assumed that local and/or international individuals or consulting firms would be hired to manage the completion of each activity. Out-of-pocket costs may be lower should government personnel undertake any significant portion of the work on their own.Specific Activities:
Activity 1/1. Formulate an internationally accepted methodology for completing an inventory.
Purpose/Goals: This activity would insure that an appropriate and accepted methodology is used when developing the inventories so that the information gathered will be of an adequate level of accuracy. In addition, it would allow country data to be analogous to worldwide data for easy comparison. Furthermore, using a predetermined methodology would make the dissemination of information easier and more cost-effective as information would not need to be interpreted to other formats.
Potential Participants: Experts on POPs; Convention Secretariat staff; university professors and researchers specializing in chemistry, public health, the environment, and industrial processes; manufacturers of POPs; and experts on agricultural issues.
Associated Costs: 1,140 labour hours. US$205,200 if completed by an international consultant. Costs for a local consultant are not applicable.
Project Implementation: The formulation of an internationally accepted methodology could begin with the formation of a working group and a kick-off meeting. At the kick-off meeting, objectives might be elaborated and a timetable agreed upon for development of the methodology. It is assumed that the kick-off meeting might last for one week. By the end of the week, an outline of the proposed methodology would be developed, and assignments would be given to individuals or subgroups for preparation of portions of the methodology. Over the next approximately 5 months, these individuals and subgroups could develop their portions of the methodology and forward them to a party who would prepare a complete draft of the methodology. The entire working group would then convene for another one-week meeting to discuss and edit the methodology, after which the final methodology would be prepared and forwarded to the Convention Secretariat for review and approval.
Timeframe: Approximately 12 months.
Activity 1/2. National preparation on POPs for key in-country personnel.
Purpose/Goals: The purpose of this activity would be to get stakeholders involved in consideration of the POPs issue in the early stages of the process and to share general information on POPs, the Convention, and its potential impact on the country. It also presents a good opportunity to meet key players in the sector that might be crucial in developing the national action plan at a later date.
Potential Participants: Government agency personnel (i.e., Environment Ministry, Agriculture Ministry, and Health Ministry); local university professors; local stakeholders (i.e., individuals and companies who use or produce/generate POPs); and local experts.
Associated Costs: 211 labour hours. US$26,580 if completed by an international consultant. US$17,613 if completed by a local consultant.
Project Implementation: An introduction/kick-off meeting on POPs for key in-country personnel would be a key activity in educating local personnel about the POPs issue and the POPs Convention. It is envisioned that such a meeting would last for one day. To begin, an agenda would be developed and potential speakers and participants identified. Solicitations would then be made to secure both local and international speakers, and invitations would be sent to potential participants. Local logistical preparations would need to be made such as rental of a meeting space/equipment, preparation of meeting documents/materials, catering.
Timeframe: Approximately 4 months.
Activity 1/3. Training workshop on the procedures for completing and evaluating a POPs inventory.
Purpose/Goals: The aim of this activity would be to impart the knowledge necessary concerning application of the internationally accepted inventory methodology to enable individuals within a country to develop the inventory. In addition to training on the methodology for completing the inventory, participants would also be informed as to the appropriate methods for critically evaluating the results of the inventory.
Potential Participants: Government agency personnel (i.e., Environment Ministry, Agriculture Ministry, and Health Ministry); university professors; and local experts.
Associated Costs: 533 labour hours. US$64,640 if completed by an international consultant. US$44,708 if completed by a local consultant.
Project Implementation: It is envisioned that a training workshop on the procedures for conducting a comprehensive domestic POPs inventory could take place over a period of four days. During the workshop, experts would illustrate the application of the methodology, provide examples, and answer questions. For this training a number of local and international speakers would be solicited. In addition, a packet of information would be provided to each participant including presentations, examples of methodology application, the manual describing the methodology, and contact information for further assistance. Local logistical preparations would need to be made such as rental of a meeting space/equipment, preparation of meeting documents/materials, catering, etc.
Timeframe: Approximately 4 months.
Activity 1/4. Workplan development.
Purpose/Goals: The objective of this activity would be to elaborate a schedule for the development of the inventory that is appropriate for the country. This would provide a timeframe for completing major tasks that could be used to continually monitor the progress being made during completion of the inventory. In addition, the workplan would clearly assign responsibilities to the various parties involved in the process.
Potential Participants: Government agency personnel (i.e., Environment Ministry, Agriculture Ministry, and Health Ministry) and individuals preparing the national inventory.
Associated Costs: 106 labour hours. US$8,980 if completed by an international consultant. US $4,475 if completed by a local consultant.
Project Implementation: The detailed workplan for completing the national inventory would be developed by local individuals who would be involved in the preparation of the national inventory. It is envisioned that the workplan would be developed collaboratively through two full-day meetings. During these meetings, the timetable and responsible parties for each major task would be determined.
Timeframe: Approximately 4 weeks.
Activity 1/5. International technical assistance for the development of a national inventory.
Purpose/Goal: This activity would provide the local individuals working on the inventory with technical assistance from international experts. These experts would serve as a general resource to answer questions and provide any other assistance which might be necessary to ensure successful completion of the inventory.
Potential Participants: Convention Secretariat staff and international experts.
Associated Costs: 40 labour hours. US$3,700 if completed by an international consultant. Costs for a local consultant are not applicable
Project Implementation: The individuals completing the inventory would have access throughout the actual development of the inventory to assistance from an international technical expert. It is estimated that each country would require approximately 40 hours of such assistance (separate from the external review described below) in the preparation of the inventory.
Timeframe: Occasional assistance up to 40 hours over a period of approximately 8-11 months while the national inventory is being developed.
Activity 1/6. Development of draft national inventory.
Purpose/Goals: The goal of this activity would be the development of a national inventory on POPs by local staff, and the assembly of a draft report.
Potential Participants: Government agency personnel (i.e., Environment Ministry, Agriculture Ministry, and Health Ministry); individuals preparing the national inventory; international experts; and stakeholders (i.e., individuals and companies who use or produce POPs).
Associated Costs: 740 labour hours. US$69,200 if completed by an international consultant. US$46,250 if completed by a local consultant.
Project Implementation: To complete the national inventory, the most important task would be conducting detailed research. Staff would need to conduct literature searches, interviews, and site visits to a number of locations before analysing the data gathered and preparing a draft report. The length of time and amount of resources required to complete these tasks would be highly dependent on the use of POPs and the size of the country.
Timeframe: Highly dependent on the situation in the country. In general, approximately 6-9 months.
Activity 1/7. Internal and external review of the national inventory and preparation of the final report.
Purpose/Goals: The goal of this activity would be the review of the completed draft national inventory by both individuals within a country and an international panel, as well as the preparation of a final national inventory report. Its purpose would be to provide sufficient review by both in-country and international experts to ensure that data contained in the national inventory is both as accurate as possible and of sufficient detail to serve as useful input into the development of a national action plan (see Activity #2).
Potential Participants: Convention Secretariat staff; domestic experts not involved in inventory preparation; and international experts not involved in inventory preparation
Associated Costs: 189 labour hours. US$12,815 cost for total implementation.
Project Implementation: The internal review of the draft national inventory could be undertaken by one or more local experts not involved in the preparation of the draft report. Similarly, the external review could be conducted by an international technical expert who was not involved in the preparation of the draft report. The reviewer(s) would examine the inventory and contact the team producing the inventory to ask questions and obtain clarification, if necessary. Both the internal and external reviewer(s) could then prepare a memorandum providing comments and specifying the areas where changes are recommended. Finally, after all comments have been received, a final version of the national inventory report would be prepared and submitted to the government.
Timeframe: Approximately 2 months.
Overview:
The national action plan would be a comprehensive description of the plans of the government for complying with the mandates of the POPs Convention. It would be formulated based on the information contained in the national inventory, and would serve as a
Aguidance document@ for initiating future activities within the country related to POPs. Ideally, if the government were to implement all of the components of the action plan, they would, at a minimum, achieve full compliance with the POPs Convention.A total of six activities are recommended to allow for the successful development of a national action plan for complying with the POPs Convention. These are presented in the table below. It should be noted that two of the activities (Production of a guidance document on the development of a national action plan
@ and Production of guidance documents on risk assessment, policy and technology options, evaluation of options, and alternatives for each POP@) are general in nature and need only be undertaken one time, and not for each individual country. All other activities are recommended for each country.Potential Funding Sources:
Potential sources of funding for the completion of the activities described in this activity area include:
POPs convention financial mechanism Multilateral Development Banks Bilateral contributions from developed country governments Manufacturers of new technologies and alternatives
Specific Activities:
Activity 2/1. Production of a guidance document on the development of a national action plan.
Purpose/Goals: The purpose of this document would be to provide some guidance to country representatives as to the steps and information that is needed to design an Action Plan that is appropriate to the country
Potential Participants: Convention Secretariat staff and international policy experts.
Associated Costs: 260 labour hours. US$21,800 if completed by an international consultant. Costs for a local consultant are not applicable.
Project Implementation: The production of a guidance document on the development of a national action plan would begin with the collection of information from Convention Secretariat staff and POPs experts about the data that would be needed to develop an action plan. In addition, a review of Action Plans prepared under similar environmental treaties would be worthwhile. Using the information gathered and the expertise of those producing the document, a draft guidance document would be prepared. After sufficient time for comments by interested parties, a final version of the guidance document would be prepared.
Timeframe: Approximately 4 months.
Activity 2/2. Production of guidance documents on risk assessment, policy and technology options, evaluation of options, and alternatives for each POP.
Purpose/Goals: The objective of this activity would be to provide individuals involved in the preparation of an Action Plan with accessibility to technical and policy information on POPs. This technical information would be essential for the representatives to be able to analyse the various options available to achieve compliance with the POPs Convention and to decide upon the components of an appropriate Action Plan that meets the country
=s needs.Potential Participants: Convention Secretariat staff; technical experts on the various POPs and their uses (these might include university professors, international experts, and local experts); international policy experts; chemical exposure risk assessment experts; and manufacturers and users of alternative technologies.
Associated Costs: 4,200 labour hours. US$361,000 if completed by an international consultant. Costs for a local consultant are not applicable.
Project Implementation: The production of guidance documents on risk assessment, policy and technology options, evaluation of options, and alternatives for each POP would involve a substantial amount of research on each topic. This research would include an extensive literature review, interviews with technical and policy experts, and visits to manufacturers and users of new technologies. Using the information gathered through this research, a number of guidance documents might be prepared. This evaluation assumes that 14 documents would be written first in draft form, and then finalized after receipt of comments from interested parties. It is envisioned that one of the documents would address risk assessment related to POPs, one would address identification/evaluation of policy options, and the remaining 12 would each address technology options associated with one of the 12 POPs included in the Convention.
Timeframe: Approximately 12 months, assuming that many of the documents are under development simultaneously.
Activity 2/3. Conference on risk assessment, policy and technology options, evaluation of options, and alternatives.
Purpose/Goals: The objective of this activity would be to provide those who will be involved in preparation of the Action Plan and related materials with the necessary knowledge to accomplish their assigned tasks (i.e., evaluate policy options, perform a risk assessment).
Potential Participants: Government agency personnel (i.e., Environment Ministry, Agriculture Ministry, and Health Ministry); university professors; users and manufacturers of POPs; local technical and policy experts; and international technical and policy experts.
Associated Costs: 570 labour hours. US$75,900 if completed by an international consultant. US$51,675 if completed by a local consultant.
Project Implementation: The conference on risk assessment, policy and technology options, evaluation of options, and alternatives is envisioned to be approximately one-week in length. It is likely that most participants would attend a portion of the conference, while a few would attend the entire week. Presentations at the conference would be given by identified local and international experts in an effort to inform participants concerning the subjects noted above. The conference would use the guidance documents developed under the previous activity as teaching tools.
@ In addition, new technologies might be displayed and/or demonstrated for participants. Local logistical preparations would need to be made such as rental of a meeting space/equipment, preparation of meeting documents/materials, catering, etc.Timeframe: Approximately 5 months.
Activity 2/4. Development of a hazard assessment and risk characterization for the country.
Purpose/Goals: The goal of this activity would be to produce a POPs hazard assessment and risk characterization for the country. These two tasks are important inputs into the process to develop an appropriate national action plan.
Potential Participants: Government agency personnel (i.e., Environment Ministry, Agriculture Ministry, and Health Ministry); local risk assessment experts; and international risk assessment experts.
Associated Costs: 370 labour hours. US$30,600 if completed by an international consultant. US$17,425 if completed by a local consultant.
Project Implementation: A detailed hazard assessment and risk characterization relating to POPs might be developed for the country using the information gathered and presented in the national inventory, coupled with additional data gathered through further research. This further research is expected to include interviews and discussions with government agencies and other relevant stakeholders. It is envisioned that the hazard assessment and risk characterization would be carried out by local experts, with consultation and input provided by an international expert. After completion of the data gathering and analysis, a draft report would be prepared. Comments on this draft would later be incorporated to produce a final report.
Timeframe: Approximately 6 months.
Activity 2/5. Training within the country on the development of a national action plan.
Purpose/Goals: The aim of this activity would be to impart the knowledge necessary for individuals within the country to prepare the national action plan. It is hoped that after completion of the training, participants would be capable of preparing an effective Action Plan with a minimum amount of outside assistance from international experts.
Potential Participants: Government agency personnel (i.e., Environment Ministry, Agriculture Ministry, and Health Ministry); university professors; users and manufacturers of POPs; international experts; and local experts.
Associated Costs: 346 labour hours. US$31,205 if completed by an international consultant. US$19,900 if completed by a local consultant.
Project Implementation: It is envisioned that a training workshop on the completion of a POPs national action plan would take place over a period of two days. During the workshop, international experts with experience in this type of activity would use the guidance document discussed earlier to illustrate to local experts and others the most effective methods for preparing an appropriate action plan. A packet of information would be provided to each participant, which would include all presentations and a copy of the guidance document, among other information. Local logistical preparations would need to be made such as rental of a meeting space/equipment, preparation of meeting documents/materials, catering, etc.
Timeframe: Approximately 4 months.
Activity 2/6. Development of a national action plan.
Purpose/Goals: The goal of this activity would be the development of a national action plan on POPs by local staff and the assembly of an action plan report.
Potential Participants: Government agency personnel (i.e., Environment Ministry, Agriculture Ministry, and Health Ministry); individuals preparing the Action Plan; international experts; and stakeholders (i.e., individuals and companies who use or produce POPs).
Associated Costs: 420 labour hours. US$35,100 if completed by an international consultant. US$18,950 if completed by a local consultant.
Project Implementation: During the preparation of the action plan itself, the most important activity would be the consideration of various policy options. These options should be considered in the context of the national inventory and hazard assessment/risk characterization. In addition, discussions could be held with stakeholders concerning likely components of the action plan. Finally, after the plan has been agreed upon, a report detailing its various components would be prepared. It is envisioned that this activity could be undertaken by local experts, with consultation and input provided by international experts.
Timeframe: Approximately 6 months.
C. ACTIVITY AREA#3: ESTABLISHMENT OF A POPs FOCAL UNIT
Overview:
At the present time, most countries have designated POPs focal points to serve as primary points of contact for issues relating to POPs. The establishment of a POPs focal unit within each country is an extension of this principle. Since the activities undertaken within a country to comply with the POPs Convention will be many and varied over the years after signature of the Convention, it would be useful to have a coordinating unit within each country government to coordinate and monitor the progress of these activities. Since such a job would likely be too much for a single individual to handle, the establishment of a POPs focal unit would provide all of the support necessary. A similar scheme has been adopted for the implementation of other environmental treaties, such as the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. Most developing countries now have Ozone Desks@ within their Ministries of Environment to serve as coordinators and resource centres relating to the Protocol.
A total of two activities are recommended for establishing a POPs focal unit within a country. These are presented in the table below. It should be noted that one of the activities (Development of guidelines for establishing a POPs focal unit@) is general in nature and need only be undertaken one time, and not for each individual country. All other activities are recommended for each country wishing to establish and operate a POPs focal unit.
Potential Funding Sources:
Potential sources of funding for the completion of the activities described in this activity area include:
Key Assumptions Used in Analysis:
A number of key assumptions were made in determining the tasks to be performed and the costs associated with implementation of each activity in the table below. These assumptions include:
Specific Activities:
Activity 3/1. Development of guidelines for establishing a POPs focal unit.
Purpose/Goals: The goal of this activity would be to prepare guidelines for the establishment and operation of a POPs focal unit within a particular country. The purpose of the activity would be to provide country governments with advice and insight into their needs for establishing and operating such a unit.
Potential Participants: Convention Secretariat staff; international experts; and staff of similar units already existing under other environmental treaties.
Associated Costs: 100 labour hours. US$8,100 if completed by an international consultant. Costs for a local consultant are not applicable.
Project Implementation: The development of guidelines for establishing and operating a POPs focal unit would draw upon the experiences from similar activities undertaken as part of compliance with other environmental treaties. Those developing the guidelines might conduct research into the functions of these similar units (such as the Montreal Protocol Desks within many Environment Ministries) and might formulate recommendations for designing such a unit to address POPs. The final guidelines could be prepared in the form of a guidance document to be distributed to all Parties to the POPs Convention. These guidelines could include a mission statement@ and an indicative budget for establishment and operation of a POPs focal unit.
Timeframe: Approximately 3 months.
Activity 3/2. Establishment and operation of local POPs focal unit.
Purpose/Goals: The goal of this activity would be to establish the physical unit and to provide the necessary inputs for it to operate on an ongoing basis. The purpose of the unit would be to coordinate efforts within the country to comply with the POPs Convention.
Potential Participants: Government personnel from agencies where the focal unit might be housed; local experts who might interested to become part of the POPs focal unit; and Convention Secretariat staff.
Associated Costs: 4,260 labour hours. Costs for an international consultant are not applicable. US$177,150 if completed by a local consultant.
Project Implementation: In order to actually set-up the POPs focal unit, the country government could make use of the guidelines prepared in the previous activity. Using the guidelines, and considering their specific situation, the government would decide upon the structure or the unit, the location of the unit, and the physical set-up of the unit. Consensus on these issues could be reached through meetings of relevant government agencies, and input or approval might be sought from the Convention Secretariat. Once the concept has been agreed upon, the relevant agency or agencies would undertake the physical establishment of the unit. This may include acquiring appropriate office space/equipment/supplies and hiring staff. Once the unit is established, it may require financial resources to ensure its continued operation. The associated cost@ estimates provided on this activity area assume initial establishment of the POPs focal unit and one full year of operation. Initially, it is envisioned that the unit would include two full-time staff members for a medium-size country.
Timeframe: Approximately 4 months to establish the unit, with ongoing operation thereafter
D. ACTIVITY AREA#4: DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF REGULATORY CONTROLS
Overview:
It is possible that many countries may need to develop and implement formal regulatory controls in order to achieve compliance with the POPs Convention. The activities on this activity area are designed to enable policymakers within a country to formulate and implement the most appropriate regulatory controls.
A total of two activities are recommended for aiding in the development and implementation of regulatory controls relating to POPs within a country. These are presented in the table below. All activities are recommended for each country wishing to develop and implement such regulatory controls.
Potential Funding Sources:
Potential sources of funding for the completion of the activities described in this activity area include:
Key Assumptions Used in Analysis:
A number of key assumptions were made in determining the tasks to be performed and the costs associated with implementation of each activity in the table below. These assumptions include:
Specific Activities:
Activity 4/1. Workshop to evaluate regulatory control options.
Purpose/Goals: The goal of this activity would be to provide government policymakers in the country with the information and knowledge necessary for them to make informed decisions regarding appropriate regulatory control options for addressing the POPs situation in the country.
Potential Participants: POPs focal unit staff; other government agency personnel; and international policy experts.
Associated Costs: 326 labour hours. US$30,130 if completed by an international consultant. US$18,655 if completed by a local consultant.
Project Implementation: The workshop to evaluate regulatory control options is envisioned to take place over a five-day period. During the workshop, participants would review the POPs national inventory and the Action Plan developed earlier, with a goal of agreeing upon the nature and extent of regulatory controls which would be needed in order to comply with the POPs Convention. They could be assisted by an international policy expert with experience in this subject matter. After the workshop has concluded, a summary of the next steps agreed upon by participants would be prepared and disseminated.
Timeframe: Approximately 3 months.
Activity 4/2. Establishment of regulatory controls in a country.
Purpose/Goals: The goal of this activity would be to draft and put in place actual regulations to aid in the country's compliance with the POPs Convention.
Potential Participants: POPs focal unit staff and government agency personnel responsible for implementation and enforcement of regulatory controls in the country.
Associated Costs: See Project Summary below.
Project Implementation: The activities required, timeframe, and costs associated with the actual establishment of agreed upon regulatory controls within any particular country will vary greatly and cannot be generalized accurately here. The process for setting regulations is very different from country-to-country. Some countries have a very formal process for setting regulations, including high-level approvals, mandatory time for public comments, responses to comments, and amendment of the proposed regulations. In these countries the amount of time required to put regulatory controls in place can be as long as 1-2 years, and the costs associated with drafting and approving regulations can be quite high when considering the amount of labour and time expended. On the other hand, many countries have a much simpler method of finalizing regulations. In these countries, lower level approvals are often sufficient, and public review and comment on proposed regulations may not be required. In these cases, the amount of time required to formalize regulatory controls can be quite short, possibly only several months. Similarly, the costs associated with the regulatory process in these cases are quite low compared to the countries with more stringent requirements. In the case of either type of country, the actual activities that would be carried out under this activity will differ depending on the nature of the regulatory control to be established.
E. ACTIVITY AREA#5: ENFORCEMENT OF REGULATORY CONTROLS
Overview:
If a country chooses to implement regulatory controls as part of its efforts to comply with the POPs Convention, it will then be necessary to undertake activities to ensure the enforcement of those controls. Failure to do so might result in the controls becoming ineffective and the country not achieving compliance. The activities described on this activity area would aid in the evaluation of enforcement options, and would ensure that any enforcement implemented is most effective.
A total of three activities are recommended to aid in the successful enforcement of regulatory controls in a country. These are presented in the table below. It should be noted that one of the activities (Development of a document on enforcement options and costs@) is general in nature and need only be undertaken one time, and not for each individual country. All other activities are recommended for each country.
Potential Funding Sources:
Potential sources of funding for the completion of the activities described in this activity area include:
Key Assumptions Used in Analysis:
A number of key assumptions were made in determining the tasks to be performed and the costs associated with implementation of each activity in the table below. These assumptions include:
Specific Activities:
Activity 5/1. Development of a guidance document on enforcement options and costs.
Purpose/Goals: The purpose of developing a guidance document on enforcement options and costs would be to provide accessibility to information for policymakers and enforcement personnel relating to the enforcement of regulatory control options and their corresponding advantages, disadvantages, and resources required. This information would be crucial in order to ensure that the country government officials outlining enforcement options select the options best suited to the regulatory controls adopted.
Potential Participants: Government agency personnel from countries with strong regulatory enforcement programmes (i.e., Customs, Coast Guard, Environment Ministry); international experts; and manufacturers and users of POPs.
Associated Costs: 260 labour hours. US$21,800 if completed by an international consultant. Costs for a local consultant are not applicable
Project Implementation: The development of a guidance document describing regulatory enforcement options and costs might begin with research where the writers could meet with enforcement personnel from countries with strong enforcement programmes to gain further knowledge and information. Of great interest might be examples of successes and failures from these countries. After the research is completed, the writers would prepare a draft report on enforcement options and costs. After a review period, comments received would then be incorporated to prepare a final document.
Timeframe: Approximately 6 months.
Activity 5/2. Training workshop for appropriate government agencies and personnel on enforcement of regulatory controls.
Purpose/Goals: The objective of training on enforcement of regulatory controls would be to assist those responsible in the execution of enforcement activities.
Potential Participants: Government agency personnel responsible for enforcement (i.e., Customs, Coast Guard, Environment Ministry); international experts; local experts; and manufacturers, distributors, and users of POPs.
Associated Costs: 412 labour hours. US$41,485 if completed by an international consultant. US$27,375 if completed by a local consultant.
Project Implementation: It is envisioned that a training workshop on methods of regulatory enforcement and their costs might take place over a two-day period. During this workshop, enforcement staff from relevant government agencies in the country would receive training that might include: an overview of the POPs issue and the country=s approach for addressing it; an overview of the types of enforcement options available; and thorough training on those enforcement options thought to be most appropriate for the situation in that particular country. The training could be led by an international expert with experience in this field. A packet of information could be provided to each participant, which might include all presentations and a copy of the guidance document, among other information. Local logistical preparations would need to be made such as rental of a meeting space/equipment, preparation of meeting documents/materials, catering, etc.
Timeframe: Approximately 4 months.
Activity 5/3. Developing and implementing enforcement activities within the country.
Purpose/Goals: The goal of this activity would be to develop and implement the specific enforcement activities within the country that would ensure compliance with the regulations put in place earlier.
Potential Participants: Government agency personnel responsible for enforcement (i.e., Customs, Coast Guard, Environment Ministry).
Associated Costs: See Project Summary below.
Project Implementation: The tasks required for the development and implementation of enforcement activities for regulatory controls in any particular country will vary greatly and cannot be generalized accurately here. The timeframe required and associated costs will vary similarly. There are many different methods which could be employed in the enforcement of regulatory controls relating to POPs, and the selection of the appropriate methods would be dependent on the nature of the regulatory controls being enforced. Some methods will be fairly simple and inexpensive to implement, such as requiring reporting from producers, importers, or users of certain POPs. Others, however, can be quite costly, such as the establishment of a special unit within the Customs Department to address illegal importation or use of POPs. As a result, it is possible that the timeframe required to develop and implement enforcement activities for regulatory controls might range from as little as three months to as much as several years. Similarly, the cost of completing this activity might range from less than US$10,000 to several million US$.
F. ACTIVITY AREA#6: TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER ACTIVITIES
Overview:
Technology transfer may be an extremely important factor in helping as many countries as possible to achieve compliance with the mandates of the POPs Convention. While it is not known if the Convention will provide resources for such activities, it is likely that they will need to occur even in the absence of funding directly from the Convention, as without such assistance, many countries may be unable to meet their obligations under the Convention. There are many different types of technology transfer activities that might be undertaken to assist developing countries and countries with economies in transition implement the Convention. Those presented on this activity area are examples of such activities that have proven successful in transferring both knowledge and technologies in the past. They are a representative sample and are not meant to be exhaustive.
A total of four activities are presented as examples of the numerous technology transfer activities that might be undertaken under the auspices of the POPs Convention. These are presented in the table below. It is conceivable that each of the activities presented could be undertaken in each country individually.
Potential Funding Sources:
Potential sources of funding for the completion of the activities described in this activity area include:
Key Assumptions Used in Analysis:
A number of key assumptions were made in determining the tasks to be performed and the costs associated with implementation of each activity in the table below. These assumptions include:
Specific Activities:
Activity 6/1. Design and implementation of demonstration projects.
Purpose/Goals: The purpose of this activity would be to illustrate the successful utilization of new technologies and/or alternatives to local users of POPs. As a result, confidence in new technologies among local users would increase, creating a market for more environmentally-friendly substances.
Potential Participants: POPs focal unit; local stakeholders (i.e., manufacturers and users of POPs); and international implementing/funding agency; local expert experts; and international expert experts.
Associated Costs: See Project Summary below.
Project Implementation: The tasks required, timeframe, and associated costs for completing the design and implementation of demonstration projects within any particular country will vary greatly and cannot be generalized accurately here. There are literally hundreds, if not thousands, of different types of demonstration projects which might be undertaken under the auspices of the POPs Convention. The scope of these projects can range enormously, from simple substitution of one chemical for another in a larger formulation at a manufacturing facility, to the construction of an incinerator to destroy existing stockpiles of POPs being eliminated under the Convention. In the case of the first example, the timeframe for implementation might be only several months (for evaluation, testing and conversion) and there might actually be a cost savings (depending on the costs of the chemical being used and the chemical that would replace it). However, for the second example, the timeframe for development and completion is likely to be on the order of several years (including siting, permitting, design, and construction) instead of several months. Similarly, the costs associated with completing the activity might be on the order of tens of millions of US$. If one refers to the example of demonstration projects implemented in countries under the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, it can be found that the projects approved to date have received funding in excess of US$700 million from the Protocol
Following are several examples of demonstration projects that might be completed under the POPs Convention. It is important to note that these examples are general models, and that unique circumstances in each country will dictate how projects are selected and implemented.
The total cost of constructing an incineration facility will depend on a large number of factors such as capacity, chemical(s) being incinerated, environmental controls, etc. As a result, it is not possible to estimate the costs of such a facility here.
In 1996, some of the estimates for PCB disposal by commercial incineration were:
These costs do not include the cost of the replacement equipment that is installed where the PCB-containing equipment was removed. The cost of this replacement equipment will vary greatly depending on the application.
Transition to DDT-free malaria control. The elimination of DDT in the control of malarial pests requires substitution with some equally effective technology or combination of technologies. There are a variety of options that could be implemented in order to control malarial pests in the absence of DDT, thereby controlling the spread of malaria. These options include the following.The costs associated with the various options for transitioning to DDT-free malaria control will vary depending on the extent of the malaria risk and the local geographic situation in any particular area. Options such as expanded use of bed-nets will be quite inexpensive, while other options may be quite costly. In the end, some combination of these and other options is likely to be employed.
Activity 6/2. Study tours on different technologies/alternatives.
Purpose/Goals: The objective of this activity would be to provide local stakeholders (i.e., manufacturers and users of POPs) with first-hand information on the application of available technologies/alternatives for POPs. Participation in such an activity would furnish a greater understanding of the options available, and would increase the confidence of the local users in the effectiveness of the new technologies/alternatives.
Potential Participants: POPs focal unit; local stakeholders (i.e. manufacturers and users of POPs); international implementing/funding agency; local experts; international experts in the country where the study tour would take place; and users and manufacturers of alternative technologies in the country where the study tour would take place.
Associated Costs: 470 labour hours. US$65,213 cost for total implementation.
Project Implementation: Study tours could be undertaken to facilities in other countries where alternative technologies of interest are currently in use. Participants would have the opportunity to meet with suppliers of the technologies and to observe the use of the technologies under actual working conditions. It is envisioned that each study tour might last for one-week, and could include both classroom-style presentations and field visits. One-on-one meetings with suppliers of the new technologies could also be arranged in order to facilitate the development of business relationships. Effective organisation of logistical arrangements would be very important to the success of this activity.
Timeframe: Approximately 6 months.
Activity 6/3. Workshop for local stakeholders on available technologies with representatives of international companies supplying alternative technologies.
Purpose/Goals: The objective of this activity would be to build the knowledge base within a country concerning new technologies and alternatives, and to begin creating the business relationship needed to create a market for the new technologies within the country. It
Potential Participants: POPs focal unit; local stakeholders (i.e. manufacturers and users of POPs); international implementing/funding agency; local experts; and manufacturers of alternative technologies.
Associated Costs: 348 labour hours. US$53,840 if completed by an international consultant. US$39,050 if completed by a local consultant.
Project Implementation: Workshops could be organized in which local stakeholders learn about currently available technologies from around the world. The workshops could be led by the POPs focal unit, with representatives of international companies supplying alternative technologies making presentations. It is envisioned that each workshop might last for three days, and that each might involve the participation of 10 representatives from technology manufacturers. During the workshop, time could be reserved for one-on-one meetings between local stakeholders and visiting manufacturer representatives. As with the study tours, effective organisation of logistical arrangements would be very important to the success of this activity.
Timeframe: Approximately 6 months.
Activity 6/4. Training on the application of new technologies/alternatives in a country.
Purpose/Goals: This activity would provide individuals within a country with the training on alternative technologies to replace POPs, in an effort to increase their knowledge and expertise on how to best employ these technologies to achieve successful results. It would differ from the workshop between stakeholders and international technology suppliers in that this training would be held for a larger group of users, and would be more general in scope.
Potential Participants: POPs focal unit; local stakeholders (i.e. manufacturers and users of POPs); international implementing/funding agency; local experts; international experts; and possibly manufacturers and distributors of alternative technologies.
Associated Costs: 398 labour hours. US$37,365 if completed by an international consultant. US$22,830 if completed by a local consultant.
Project Implementation: Training on the use of alternative technologies to replace POPs could take place through a series of 2-day workshops, organized by POPs use sector/application. The training could be led by the POPs focal unit, with local and international technical experts on the alternative technologies making presentations. Information presented during the training might include: an overview of the POPs issue, a general discussion of the types of alternatives available in the sector/application being addressed, a more detailed presentation about the operation and effectiveness of the most promising technologies, and an overview of the costs associated with conversion to the alternative technologies. Local logistical preparations would need to be made such as rental of a meeting space/equipment, preparation of meeting documents/materials, catering, etc.
Timeframe: Approximately 4 months.
G. ACTIVITY AREA#7: ENHANCEMENT OF LOCAL COMMERCE INFRASTRUCTURE
Overview:
It is likely over time that users of POPs may attempt to implement alternative technologies where they had previously used POPs. One of the keys to successful adoption of such technologies is the availability of both the products and service/support locally. As many of the alternative technologies may be new to some countries, these countries would need to ensure that there is a local commercial infrastructure set-up to handle the import, sale, distribution, and servicing of any such equipment not produced domestically. Failure to develop such a local infrastructure may result in newly purchased and imported equipment going unused in the long-run, as servicing and parts may not be easily accessible.
A total of three activities are recommended to allow for the enhancement of the local commerce infrastructure to facilitate the marketing of alternatives to POPs. These are presented in the table below. It should be noted that one of the activities (Development of a guidance document on enhancing the local commerce infrastructure for new technologies
@) is general in nature and need only be undertaken one time, and not for each individual country. All other activities are recommended for each country.Potential Funding Sources:
Potential sources of funding for the completion of the activities described in this activity area include:
Key Assumptions Used in Analysis:
A number of key assumptions were made in determining the tasks to be performed and the costs associated with implementation of each activity in the table below. These assumptions include:
Specific Activities:
Activity 7/1. Critical evaluation of the current infrastructure within the country to support the introduction of new technologies/alternatives.
Purpose/Goals: The aim of this activity would be to attain a thorough understanding of the commerce conditions in a country, so that modifications made to develop the market for alternatives coincide with local circumstances.
Potential Participants: Government officials; POPs focal unit; representatives of local industry; and local experts.
Associated Costs: 172 labour hours. US$14,760 if completed by an international consultant. US$7,450 if completed by a local consultant.
Project Implementation: The critical evaluation of the current infrastructure within the country to support the introduction of new technologies/alternatives might involve research based on calling and visiting manufacturers and sellers of POPs in order to gain a thorough understanding of the commerce infrastructure of POPs related technologies/substances. This infrastructure might then be evaluated critically to determine changes that might be needed to support the successful marketing of POPs alternatives.
Timeframe: Approximately 4 months.
Activity 7/2. Development of a guidance document on enhancing the local commerce infrastructure for new technologies.
Purpose/Goals: The purpose of this guidance document would be to provide advice to country representatives as to the steps a country might take to undergo a market transformation so that alternatives to POPs become available to the consumer locally.
Potential Participants: Convention Secretariat staff and international experts.
Associated Costs: 280 labour hours. US$23,900 if completed by an international consultant. Costs for a local consultant are not applicable.
Project Implementation: The development of a guidance document on enhancing the local commerce infrastructure for new technologies might include meeting with officials and experts (e.g., Montreal Protocol Secretariat officials and international finance and technology transfer experts) who have assisted in effecting similar market transformations in developing countries. Once this preliminary research is completed, those developing the document might meet to discuss how to best illustrate the acquired information. A draft and final document could then be prepared for dissemination to POPs focal units.
Timeframe: Approximately 6 months.
Activity 7/3. Facilitation of meetings between government officials, international manufacturers of alternative technologies, and local business to enhance the local commerce infrastructure for alternative technologies.
Purpose/Goals: The purpose of this activity would be to assist in the building of relationships between the three major stakeholders essential for a market transformation and enhancement of local commerce infrastructure, each of whom may have different goals and constraints.
Potential Participants: Government officials; POPs focal unit; local experts; international experts; and manufacturers and sellers of POPs substances.
Associated Costs: 404 labour hours. US$61,020 if completed by an international consultant. US$43,850 if completed by a local consultant.
Project Implementation: Meetings between government officials, international manufacturers of alternative technologies, and local business to develop the market for alternatives to POPs in a country might take place as a series. During this series of meetings, government officials, international manufactures, and local businesses could each meet separately with a facilitator in order to list the goals and activities they would like to undertake to transform the market in question. After these initial meetings, all three groups might be brought together with the facilitator to develop a list of joint goals and activities, and to begin to form the relationships necessary to continue working together to meet their goals. Finally, a plan might be developed which would clearly define the activities to be undertaken, the parties responsible for implementation, and a timetable for completion.
Timeframe: Approximately 5 months.
H. ACTIVITY AREA#8: DEVELOPMENT OF AN OUTREACH/INFORMATION DISSEMINATION PROGRAMME
Overview:
The POPs issue will undoubtedly be new to both the public and much of industry in many countries which must comply with the POPs Convention. Therefore, it may be necessary to educate the public and industry (especially those using or dealing in POPs) about the issue, the Convention, the country
=s response, and ongoing activities and progress in order to obtain support for programmes. The development and implementation of a broad-based outreach/information dissemination campaign would serve this purpose.A total of four activities are recommended for the successful development and implementation of an outreach/information dissemination programme on POPs within a country. These are presented in the table below. It should be noted that two of the activities (Development of outreach materials for worldwide use to increase awareness and disseminate information
@ and Creation of regional resource centres for the distribution of outreach materials to interested parties@) are general in nature and need only be undertaken one time, and not for each individual country. All other activities are recommended for each country.Potential Funding Sources:
Potential sources of funding for the completion of the activities described in this activity area include:
Key Assumptions Used in Analysis:
A number of key assumptions were made in determining the tasks to be performed and the costs associated with implementation of each activity in the table below. These assumptions include:
Specific Activities:
Activity 8/1. Development of outreach materials for worldwide use to increase awareness of the POPs issue.
Purpose/Goals: The purpose of this activity would be to create general outreach materials that could be used worldwide to inform the public, industry, and others about issues relating to POPs substances. The outreach materials developed could be used and/or adapted by all countries, especially those that could not afford to develop their own unique materials for domestic outreach campaigns.
Potential Participants: Convention Secretariat staff and international communications experts.
Associated Costs: See Project Summary below.
Project Implementations: The activities required, timeframe, and costs associated with the development of outreach materials for worldwide use to increase awareness of the POPs issue will vary greatly and cannot be generalized accurately here. There are hundreds of different types of outreach materials which might be used for this purpose, depending upon the intended audience and the goal of the designers. Examples of materials which might be prepared include: informational brochures, bumper stickers, posters, newspaper/magazine advertisements, videotapes, and television commercials. Obviously, there is significantly more work, time, and cost associated with the development of a video than with the development of a bumper sticker or a poster. The amount of time required for the development of any single piece of outreach materials would vary from several days in the case of a bumper sticker to several weeks or months in the case of a video. Similarly, the costs may range from only a few hundred US$ to tens of thousands of US$ for the preparation of any single piece of outreach material.
Activity 8/2. Creation of regional resource centres for the distribution of outreach materials to interested parties.
Purpose/Goals: The goal of this activity would be to develop and maintain regional centres which would have the responsibility for disseminating information on POPs and POPs-related issues throughout the region served by the centre.
Potential Participants: Convention Secretariat staff; POPs focal units; and local communications experts.
Associated Costs: 2,163 labour hours. US$29,698 cost for total implementation.
Project Implementation: Regional resource centres might serve a very important role as information clearinghouses for their regions on issues relating to POPs. They would be able to disseminate the materials prepared in the previous activity, identify important regional issues that could be addressed by the focal units of the relevant countries, and facilitate general communication among focal units in the region. For example, there might be a total of seven such centres established: South America; Central America and the Caribbean; Southern Africa; Northern Africa; South Asia; East Asia and the Pacific; Central and Eastern Europe)The first step in establishing these centres would be to identify the entity that would house the centre in a particular region. Typically, this might be a non-governmental organisation involved in the POPs issue. After the entity is identified and a mutually beneficial arrangement is agreed upon, resources would probably be required for operation of the centre. Costs to be incurred might include staff time, supplies, mailing expenses, etc. For this cost analysis, it is assumed that one full-time staff person would be required to operate each centre.
Timeframe: Approximately 4 months to establish a centre, with ongoing operation after that time.
Activity 8/3. Development of materials and implementation of local public outreach campaigns.
Purpose/Goals: The goal of this activity would be to prepare country-specific materials aimed at informing the public on POPs-related issues, and to carry out activities to disseminate this information as widely as possible.
Potential Participants: POPs focal unit; local communication experts; and regional resource centre staff.
Associated Costs: See Project Summary below.
Project Implementation: As was the case for the development of general outreach materials discussed above, the development of outreach materials and implementation of local public outreach campaigns on the POPs issue would vary greatly and cannot be generalized accurately here. The work, timeframe, and costs associated with the development of specialized outreach materials will differ at the country level for the same reasons as described above for general materials being developed for worldwide use. In addition, the work, timeframe, and costs associated with actual implementation of a local public outreach campaign would vary depending on several factors. Most important would be size and reach of the campaign. An outreach campaign may be quite extensive, using all media and saturating the market with materials. On the other hand, a campaign may also be somewhat small, with special effort made to target the campaign
Activity 8/4. Development of materials and implementation of local industry outreach campaigns.
Purpose/Goals: The goal of this activity would be to prepare country-specific materials aimed at informing industry on POPs-related issues, and to carry out activities to disseminate this information as widely as possible.
Potential Participants: POPs focal unit; local communication experts; and regional resource centre staff.
Associated Costs: See Project Summary below.
Project Implementation: The development of outreach materials and implementation of a local industry outreach campaign on POPs within a country would vary greatly and cannot be generalized accurately here. The options and potential variations in terms of work required, timeframe, and costs are the same as those described immediately above for similar campaigns aimed at the general public.
4. Capacity Building Activity Costs
This section contains eight tables which illustrate the estimations made to obtain the Associated Costs entered for each activity in the activity areas presented in Section 3. Each cost table clearly lists the activity and its associated tasks in the left-hand column. The second column indicates the Level of Effort (LOE), or number of labour hours, required to complete that particular task. The third column (split into three sub-columns) presents the cost of the activity in US$.
In completing the calculations in the third column, several important assumptions were made concerning labour rates, airfares, and per diem charges for travel. They are:
The costs presented in this column are broken into three sub-columns titled Other, Local, and Int
'l. The numbers in these sub-columns represent the following:The total cost for completing an activity can therefore be completed by adding the value in the Other column to the value in either the Local or Int'l column, depending on if a local or international individual or firm will coordinate completion of the activity.
Table 1
Development of a POPs Inventory |
||||||||||
ACTIVITIES |
LOE |
US$ |
||||||||
Other |
Local |
Int'l |
||||||||
Formulate an internationally accepted methodology for completing an inventory |
||||||||||
Selection of international panel |
60 |
$ - |
$ - |
$ 4,800 |
||||||
Kick-off meeting |
80 |
$ - |
$ - |
$ 6,400 |
||||||
Final meeting |
80 |
$ - |
$ - |
$ 6,400 |
||||||
For each meeting development of materials |
||||||||||
presentations |
160 |
$ - |
$ - |
$ 12,800 |
||||||
informational packets |
160 |
$ - |
$ - |
$ 12,800 |
||||||
logistical arrangement |
200 |
$ - |
$ - |
$ 16,000 |
||||||
Development of manual |
||||||||||
draft manual |
200 |
$ - |
$ - |
$ 16,000 |
||||||
final manual |
200 |
$ - |
$ - |
$ 16,000 |
||||||
Travel and per diem |
0 |
$ 102,000 |
$ - |
$ - |
||||||
ODC's |
0 |
$ 12,000 |
$ - |
$ - |
||||||
Sub-Total |
1140 |
$ 114,000 |
$ - |
$ 91,200 |
||||||
National preparation on POPs for key in-country personnel |
||||||||||
Selection of invitees |
30 |
$ - |
$ 1,125 |
$ 2,400 |
||||||
Invite and secure speakers |
30 |
$ - |
$ 1,125 |
$ 2,400 |
||||||
Development of materials for the meeting |
||||||||||
presentations |
40 |
$ - |
$ 1,500 |
$ 3,200 |
||||||
informational packets |
15 |
$ - |
$ 563 |
$ 1,200 |
||||||
Logistics |
80 |
$ - |
$ 3,000 |
$ 6,400 |
||||||
Participate in the meeting |
16 |
$ - |
$ 600 |
$ 1,280 |
||||||
Other costs |
||||||||||
travel and per diem |
0 |
$ 3,700 |
$ - |
$ - |
||||||
site and equipment rental |
0 |
$ 2,000 |
$ - |
$ - |
||||||
ODC's |
0 |
$ 4,000 |
$ - |
$ - |
||||||
Sub-Total |
211 |
$ 9,700 |
$ 7,913 |
$ 16,880 |
||||||
Training workshop on the procedures for a completing and evaluating a POPs inventory |
||||||||||
Identify and invite participants |
25 |
$ - |
$ 938 |
$ 2,000 |
||||||
Invite and secure speakers |
60 |
$ - |
$ 2,250 |
$ 4,800 |
||||||
Develop presentation materials and handouts |
160 |
$ - |
$ 6,000 |
$ 12,800 |
||||||
Complete logistical arrangements |
80 |
$ - |
$ 3,000 |
$ 6,400 |
||||||
Participate in the workshop |
64 |
$ - |
$ 2,400 |
$ 5,120 |
||||||
Prepare and distribute follow-up materials |
80 |
$ - |
$ 3,000 |
$ 6,400 |
||||||
International expert |
64 |
$ 5,120 |
NA |
NA |
||||||
Other costs |
||||||||||
travel and per diem |
0 |
$ 9,500 |
$ - |
$ - |
||||||
site and equipment rental |
0 |
$ 8,000 |
$ - |
$ - |
||||||
ODC's |
0 |
$ 4,500 |
$ - |
$ - |
||||||
Sub-Total |
533 |
$ 27,120 |
$ 17,588 |
$ 37,520 |
||||||
Workplan development |
||||||||||
Prepare a list of goals and objectives |
40 |
$ - |
$ 1,500 |
$ 3,200 |
||||||
Invite stakeholders in the development of the inventory |
10 |
$ - |
$ 375 |
$ 800 |
||||||
Two meetings with stakeholders to develop schedule |
16 |
$ - |
$ 600 |
$ 1,280 |
||||||
Finalize workplan |
40 |
$ - |
$ 1,500 |
$ 3,200 |
||||||
ODC's |
0 |
$ 500 |
$ - |
$ - |
||||||
Sub-Total |
106 |
$ 500 |
$ 3,975 |
$ 8,480 |
||||||
International technical assistance for the development of a country inventory |
||||||||||
Assistance |
40 |
$ 3,200 |
NA |
NA |
||||||
ODC's |
0 |
$ 500 |
$ - |
$ - |
||||||
Sub-Total |
40 |
$ 3,700 |
$ - |
$ - |
||||||
Development of draft country inventory |
||||||||||
Research of data available |
100 |
$ - |
$ 3,750 |
$ 8,000 |
||||||
Calls with stakeholders around the country |
100 |
$ - |
$ 3,750 |
$ 8,000 |
||||||
Visits with stakeholders around the country |
160 |
$ - |
$ 6,000 |
$ 12,800 |
||||||
Manipulation of data |
80 |
$ - |
$ 3,000 |
$ 6,400 |
||||||
Development of country inventory |
100 |
$ - |
$ 3,750 |
$ 8,000 |
||||||
International expert |
200 |
$ 16,000 |
NA |
NA |
||||||
ODC's |
0 |
$ 10,000 |
$ - |
$ - |
||||||
Sub-Total |
740 |
$ 26,000 |
$ 20,250 |
$ 43,200 |
||||||
Internal and external review of the country inventory and preparation of final report |
||||||||||
Internal review |
||||||||||
review of paper |
40 |
$ - |
$ 1,500 |
$ - |
||||||
calls between authors and reviewers of the paper |
10 |
$ - |
$ 375 |
$ - |
||||||
development of memo with suggestions |
16 |
$ - |
$ 600 |
$ - |
||||||
External review |
||||||||||
review of paper |
25 |
$ - |
$ - |
$ 2,000 |
||||||
calls between authors and reviewers of the paper |
10 |
$ - |
$ - |
$ 800 |
||||||
development of memo with suggestions |
8 |
$ - |
$ - |
$ 640 |
||||||
Preparation of final report |
80 |
$ - |
$ - |
$ 6,400 |
||||||
ODC's |
0 |
$ 500 |
$ - |
$ - |
||||||
Sub-Total |
189 |
$ 500 |
$ 2,475 |
$ 9,840 |
||||||
TOTAL |
2959 |
$ 181,520 |
$ 52,200 |
$ 207,120 |
||||||
Table 2
Development of a Country Action Plan for Complying With the POPs Convention |
||||||||||
ACTIVITIES |
LOE |
US$ |
||||||||
Other |
Local |
Int'l |
||||||||
Production of a guidance document on the development of a |
||||||||||
country action plan. |
||||||||||
Research |
80 |
$ - |
$ - |
$ 6,400 |
||||||
Draft development |
120 |
$ - |
$ - |
$ 9,600 |
||||||
Finalize document |
60 |
$ - |
$ - |
$ 4,800 |
||||||
ODC's |
0 |
$ 1,000 |
$ - |
$ - |
||||||
Sub-total |
260 |
$ 1,000 |
$ - |
$ 20,800 |
||||||
Production of guidance documents on risk assessment, policy and |
||||||||||
technology options, evaluation of options, and alternatives for |
||||||||||
each pollutant |
||||||||||
Research (phone calls, print material, visits) |
2240 |
$ - |
$ - |
$ 179,200 |
||||||
Draft development |
1400 |
$ - |
$ - |
$ 112,000 |
||||||
Finalize document |
560 |
$ - |
$ - |
$ 44,800 |
||||||
ODC's |
0 |
$ 25,000 |
$ - |
$ - |
||||||
Sub-total |
4200 |
$ 25,000 |
$ - |
$ 336,000 |
||||||
Conference on risk assessment, policy and technology options, evaluation |
||||||||||
of options, and alternatives by sector/industry. |
||||||||||
Identify and invite participants |
30 |
$ - |
$ 1,125 |
$ 2,400 |
||||||
Invite and secure speakers |
80 |
$ - |
$ 3,000 |
$ 6,400 |
||||||
Develop presentation materials and handouts |
200 |
$ - |
$ 7,500 |
$ 16,000 |
||||||
Complete logistical arrangements |
100 |
$ - |
$ 3,750 |
$ 8,000 |
||||||
Participate in the workshop |
80 |
$ - |
$ 3,000 |
$ 6,400 |
||||||
Prepare and distribute follow-up materials |
80 |
$ - |
$ 3,000 |
$ 6,400 |
||||||
Other costs |
||||||||||
travel and per diem |
0 |
$ 15,300 |
$ - |
$ - |
||||||
site and equipment rental |
0 |
$ 10,000 |
$ - |
$ - |
||||||
ODC's |
0 |
$ 5,000 |
$ - |
$ - |
||||||
Sub-Total |
570 |
$ 30,300 |
$ 21,375 |
$ 45,600 |
||||||
Development of hazard assessment and risk characterization for the country |
||||||||||
Research |
90 |
$ - |
$ 3,375 |
$ 7,200 |
||||||
Calls with stakeholders |
60 |
$ - |
$ 2,250 |
$ 4,800 |
||||||
Analysis |
40 |
$ - |
$ 1,500 |
$ 3,200 |
||||||
Development of hazard assessment and risk characterization |
120 |
$ - |
$ 4,500 |
$ 9,600 |
||||||
International expert |
60 |
$ 4,800 |
NA |
NA |
||||||
ODC's |
0 |
$ 1,000 |
$ - |
$ - |
||||||
Sub-Total |
370 |
$ 5,800 |
$ 11,625 |
$ 24,800 |
||||||
Training within the country on the development of a country action plan |
||||||||||
Identify and invite participants |
30 |
$ - |
$ 1,125 |
$ 2,400 |
||||||
Invite and secure speakers |
20 |
$ - |
$ 750 |
$ 1,600 |
||||||
Develop presentation materials and handouts |
80 |
$ - |
$ 3,000 |
$ 6,400 |
||||||
Complete logistical arrangements |
40 |
$ - |
$ 1,500 |
$ 3,200 |
||||||
Participate in the workshop |
16 |
$ - |
$ 600 |
$ 1,280 |
||||||
Prepare and distribute follow-up materials |
80 |
$ - |
$ 3,000 |
$ 6,400 |
||||||
International expert |
80 |
$ 6,400 |
NA |
NA |
||||||
Other costs |
||||||||||
travel and per diem |
0 |
$ 2,025 |
$ - |
$ - |
||||||
ODC's |
0 |
$ 1,500 |
$ - |
$ - |
||||||
Sub-Total |
346 |
$ 9,925 |
$ 9,975 |
$ 21,280 |
||||||
Development of a country action plan. |
||||||||||
Research |
100 |
$ - |
$ 3,750 |
$ 8,000 |
||||||
Calls with stakeholders |
100 |
$ - |
$ 3,750 |
$ 8,000 |
||||||
Analysis |
80 |
$ - |
$ 3,000 |
$ 6,400 |
||||||
Development of country inventory |
100 |
$ - |
$ 3,750 |
$ 8,000 |
||||||
International expert |
40 |
$ 3,200 |
NA |
NA |
||||||
ODC's |
0 |
$ 1,500 |
$ - |
$ - |
||||||
Sub-Total |
420 |
$ 4,700 |
$ 14,250 |
$ 30,400 |
||||||
TOTAL |
6166 |
$ 76,725 |
$ 57,225 |
$ 478,880 |
||||||
Table 3
Establishment of a POPs Focal Unit Within a Country |
|||||||||||
ACTIVITIES |
LOE |
US$ |
|||||||||
Other |
Local |
Int'l |
|||||||||
Development of guidelines for establishing a POPs focal unit |
|||||||||||
Design of focal unit (Objectives, # of personnel, budget) |
100 |
$ - |
$ - |
$ 8,000 |
|||||||
ODC's |
0 |
$ 100 |
$ - |
$ - |
|||||||
Sub-total |
100 |
$ 100 |
$ - |
$ 8,000 |
|||||||
Establishment and operation of local POPs focal unit. |
|||||||||||
Logistics of creating a focal unit |
100 |
$ - |
$ 3,750 |
NA |
|||||||
Operation |
4160 |
$ - |
$156,000 |
NA |
|||||||
ODC's |
0 |
$17,400 |
$ - |
$ - |
|||||||
Sub-total |
4260 |
$17,400 |
$159,750 |
$ - |
|||||||
TOTAL |
4360 |
$ 17,500 |
$ 159,750 |
$ 8,000 |
|||||||
Table 4
Development and Implementation of Regulatory Controls |
|||||||||||
ACTIVITIES |
LOE |
US$ |
|||||||||
Other |
Local |
Int'l |
|||||||||
Workshop to evaluate regulatory control options |
|||||||||||
Identify and invite participants |
40 |
$ - |
$ 1,500 |
$ 3,200 |
|||||||
Develop presentation materials and handouts |
60 |
$ - |
$ 2,250 |
$ 4,800 |
|||||||
Complete logistical arrangements |
60 |
$ - |
$ 2,250 |
$ 4,800 |
|||||||
Participate in the workshop |
80 |
$ - |
$ 3,000 |
$ 6,400 |
|||||||
Prepare and distribute follow-up materials |
30 |
$ - |
$ 1,125 |
$ 2,400 |
|||||||
International expert |
56 |
$ 4,480 |
NA |
NA |
|||||||
Other costs |
|||||||||||
travel per diem |
0 |
$ 2,550 |
$ - |
$ - |
|||||||
ODC's |
0 |
$ 1,500 |
$ - |
$ - |
|||||||
Sub-Total |
326 |
$ 8,530 |
$10,125 |
$21,600 |
|||||||
Establishment of regulatory controls in a country. |
|||||||||||
Research (meetings with staff, government agencies) |
|||||||||||
Draft for approval |
|||||||||||
Final document will regulatory options |
|||||||||||
ODC's |
|||||||||||
Sub-total |
|||||||||||
TOTAL |
326 |
$ 8,530 |
$ 10,125 |
$ 21,600 |
|||||||
Table 5
Enforcement of Regulatory Controls |
|||||||||||
ACTIVITIES |
LOE |
US$ |
|||||||||
Other |
Local |
Int'l |
|||||||||
Development of a guidance document on enforcement options and costs |
|||||||||||
Research (phone calls, print material, visits) |
80 |
$ - |
$ - |
$ 6,400 |
|||||||
Draft development |
120 |
$ - |
$ - |
$ 9,600 |
|||||||
Finalize document |
60 |
$ - |
$ - |
$ 4,800 |
|||||||
ODC's |
0 |
$ 1,000 |
$ - |
$ - |
|||||||
Sub-total |
260 |
$ 1,000 |
$ - |
$20,800 |
|||||||
Training workshop for appropriate government agencies and personnel on |
|||||||||||
enforcement of regulatory controls |
|||||||||||
Identify and invite participants |
30 |
$ - |
$ 1,125 |
$ 2,400 |
|||||||
Invite and secure speakers |
30 |
$ - |
$ 1,125 |
$ 2,400 |
|||||||
Develop presentation materials and handouts |
80 |
$ - |
$ 3,000 |
$ 6,400 |
|||||||
Complete logistical arrangements |
80 |
$ - |
$ 3,000 |
$ 6,400 |
|||||||
Participate in the workshop |
32 |
$ - |
$ 1,200 |
$ 2,560 |
|||||||
Prepare and distribute follow-up materials |
80 |
$ - |
$ 3,000 |
$ 6,400 |
|||||||
International expert |
80 |
$ 6,400 |
NA |
NA |
|||||||
Other costs |
|||||||||||
travel and per diem |
0 |
$ 2,025 |
$ - |
$ - |
|||||||
site and equipment rental |
0 |
$ 4,000 |
$ - |
$ - |
|||||||
ODC's |
0 |
$ 2,500 |
$ - |
$ - |
|||||||
Sub-Total |
412 |
$14,925 |
$12,450 |
$26,560 |
|||||||
Developing and implementing enforcement activities within the country |
|||||||||||
TOTAL |
672 |
$ 15,925 |
$ 12,450 |
$ 47,360 |
|||||||
Table 6
Technology Transfer Activities |
|||||||||
ACTIVITIES |
LOE |
US$ |
|||||||
Other |
Local |
Int'l |
|||||||
Design and implementation of demonstration projects. |
|||||||||
Design of project |
|||||||||
Research of sector |
|||||||||
Recruiting of participants |
|||||||||
Implementation of project |
|||||||||
training |
|||||||||
Follow-up |
|||||||||
ODC's |
|||||||||
Sub-total |
|||||||||
Study tours on different technologies/alternatives |
Local Int'l |
||||||||
Identify and invite participants |
15 15 |
$ - |
$ 563 |
$ 1,200 |
|||||
Plan tour/meetings |
0 80 |
$ - |
$ - |
$ 6,400 |
|||||
Develop presentation materials and handouts |
40 40 |
$ - |
$ 1,500 |
$ 3,200 |
|||||
Complete logistical arrangements |
40 80 |
$ - |
$ 1,500 |
$ 6,400 |
|||||
Participate in the study tour |
40 40 |
$ - |
$ 1,500 |
$ 3,200 |
|||||
Prepare and distribute follow-up materials |
40 40 |
$ - |
$ 1,500 |
$ 3,200 |
|||||
Other costs |
|||||||||
travel and per diem |
0 |
$ 28,050 |
$ - |
$ - |
|||||
miscellaneous expenses for tour |
0 |
$ 5,000 |
$ - |
$ - |
|||||
ODC's |
0 |
$ 2,000 |
$ - |
$ - |
|||||
Sub-Total |
175 295 |
$ 35,050 |
$ 6,563 |
$ 23,600 |
|||||
Workshops for local stakeholders on available technologies with representatives |
|||||||||
of international companies supplying these technologies. |
|||||||||
Identify and invite participants |
40 |
$ - |
$ 1,500 |
$ 3,200 |
|||||
Invite and secure international participants |
60 |
$ - |
$ 2,250 |
$ 4,800 |
|||||
Develop presentation materials and handouts |
40 |
$ - |
$ 1,500 |
$ 3,200 |
|||||
Complete logistical arrangements |
80 |
$ - |
$ 3,000 |
$ 6,400 |
|||||
Participate in the workshop |
48 |
$ - |
$ 1,800 |
$ 3,840 |
|||||
Prepare and distribute follow-up materials |
80 |
$ - |
$ 3,000 |
$ 6,400 |
|||||
Other costs |
|||||||||
travel and per diem |
0 |
$ 22,000 |
$ - |
$ - |
|||||
site and equipment rental |
0 |
$ 3,000 |
$ - |
$ - |
|||||
ODC's |
0 |
$ 1,000 |
$ - |
$ - |
|||||
Sub-Total |
348 |
$ 26,000 |
$ 13,050 |
$ 27,840 |
|||||
Training on the application of new technologies/alternatives in a country. |
|||||||||
Identify and invite participants |
30 |
$ - |
$ 1,125 |
$ 2,400 |
|||||
Invite and secure speakers |
40 |
$ - |
$ 1,500 |
$ 3,200 |
|||||
Develop presentation materials and handouts |
80 |
$ - |
$ 3,000 |
$ 6,400 |
|||||
Complete logistical arrangements |
80 |
$ - |
$ 3,000 |
$ 6,400 |
|||||
Participate in the training |
32 |
$ - |
$ 1,200 |
$ 2,560 |
|||||
Prepare and distribute follow-up materials |
80 |
$ - |
$ 3,000 |
$ 6,400 |
|||||
International expert |
56 |
$ 4,480 |
NA |
NA |
|||||
Other costs |
|||||||||
travel and per diem |
0 |
$ 2,025 |
$ - |
$ - |
|||||
site and equipment rental |
0 |
$ 2,000 |
$ - |
$ - |
|||||
ODC's |
0 |
$ 1,500 |
$ - |
$ - |
|||||
Sub-Total |
398 |
$ 10,005 |
$ 12,825 |
$ 27,360 |
|||||
TOTAL |
1216 |
$ 71,055 |
$ 32,438 |
$ 78,800 |
|||||
Table 7
Enhancement of Local Commerce Infrastructure |
|||||||||
ACTIVITIES |
LOE |
US$ |
|||||||
Other |
Local |
Int'l |
|||||||
Critical evaluation of the current infrastructure within the country to support |
|||||||||
the introduction of new technologies/alternatives |
|||||||||
Objectives |
24 |
$ - |
$ 900 |
$ 1,920 |
|||||
Research |
|||||||||
calls |
24 |
$ - |
$ 900 |
$ 1,920 |
|||||
visits |
40 |
$ - |
$ 1,500 |
$ 3,200 |
|||||
meetings |
24 |
$ - |
$ 900 |
$ 1,920 |
|||||
Write report |
60 |
$ - |
$ 2,250 |
$ 4,800 |
|||||
ODC's |
0 |
$ 1,000 |
$ - |
$ - |
|||||
Sub-total |
172 |
$ 1,000 |
$ 6,450 |
$ 13,760 |
|||||
Development of a guidance document on enhancing a local commerce |
|||||||||
infrastructure for new technologies |
|||||||||
Research (phone calls, print material, visits) |
80 |
$ - |
$ - |
$ 6,400 |
|||||
Draft development |
120 |
$ - |
$ - |
$ 9,600 |
|||||
Finalize document |
80 |
$ - |
$ - |
$ 6,400 |
|||||
ODC's |
0 |
$ 1,500 |
$ - |
$ - |
|||||
Sub-total |
280 |
$ 1,500 |
$ - |
$ 22,400 |
|||||
Facilitation of meetings between government officials, international |
|||||||||
manufacturers of alternative technologies, and local business to enhance the local |
|||||||||
commerce infrastructure for new technologies |
|||||||||
Identify and invite participants |
40 |
$ - |
$ 1,500 |
$ 3,200 |
|||||
Invite and secure international participants |
60 |
$ - |
$ 2,250 |
$ 4,800 |
|||||
Develop presentation materials and handouts |
40 |
$ - |
$ 1,500 |
$ 3,200 |
|||||
Complete logistical arrangements |
80 |
$ - |
$ 3,000 |
$ 6,400 |
|||||
Participate in the meetings |
48 |
$ - |
$ 1,800 |
$ 3,840 |
|||||
Prepare and distribute follow-up materials |
80 |
$ - |
$ 3,000 |
$ 6,400 |
|||||
International expert |
56 |
$ - |
$ 2,100 |
$ 4,480 |
|||||
Other costs |
|||||||||
travel and per diem |
0 |
$ 24,200 |
$ - |
$ - |
|||||
site and equipment rental |
0 |
$ 3,000 |
$ - |
$ - |
|||||
ODC's |
0 |
$ 1,500 |
$ - |
$ - |
|||||
Sub-Total |
404 |
$ 28,700 |
$ 15,150 |
$ 32,320 |
|||||
TOTAL |
856 |
$ 31,200 |
$ 21,600 |
$ 68,480 |
|||||
Table 8
Development of an Outreach/Information Dissemination Program |
|||||||||
ACTIVITIES |
LOE |
US$ |
|||||||
Other |
Local |
Int'l |
|||||||
Development of outreach materials for worldwide use to increase |
|||||||||
awareness of the POPs issue |
|||||||||
Research |
|||||||||
Design |
|||||||||
Development |
|||||||||
ODC's |
|||||||||
Sub-total |
|||||||||
Creation of regional resource centers for the distribution of outreach |
|||||||||
materials to interested parties |
|||||||||
Identify entity to house center |
80 |
$ - |
$ - |
$ 6,400 |
|||||
Operate center |
|||||||||
labor |
2083 |
$ - |
$ 12,498 |
$ - |
|||||
ODC's |
0 |
$ 10,800 |
$ - |
$ - |
|||||
Sub-total |
2163 |
$ 10,800 |
$ 12,498 |
$ 6,400 |
|||||
Development of materials and implementation of local public outreach campaigns |
|||||||||
Research |
|||||||||
Design |
|||||||||
Development |
|||||||||
ODC's |
|||||||||
Sub-total |
|||||||||
Development of materials and implementation of local industry outreach campaigns |
|||||||||
Research |
|||||||||
Design |
|||||||||
Development |
|||||||||
ODC's |
|||||||||
Sub-total |
|||||||||
TOTAL |
2163 |
$ 10,800 |
$ 12,498 |
$ 6,400 |
|||||
-----
